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Can We Learn To Talk With Whales? Introducing Project CETI

Inspired by “search for extraterrestrial intelligence” or SETI, project leader Dr. David Gruber and an eclectic band of scientists and researchers seek to decipher the language of sperm whales, which might be described as enigmatic aliens living in our midst. To do this, they are applying the latest technology including AI, cryptography, machine learning, and robotics.

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Header image: Sperm whales socializing. Photo by Brian J. Skerry

Companion story: Exploring Whale Culture: An Interview With NatGeo Photojournalist Brian Skerry

Project CETI (Cetacean Translation Initiative), a non-profit organization, with the help of the 2020 TED Audacious Project, is applying advanced machine learning and gentle robotics to decipher the communication of the world’s most enigmatic ocean species: the sperm whale. In interpreting their voices and hopefully communicating back, we aim to show that today’s most cutting-edge technologies can be used to benefit not only humankind, but other species on this planet. By enabling humans to deeply understand and protect the life around us, we thereby redefine our very understanding of the word “we.”

As with the Earthrise photo from Project Apollo, CETI’s discoveries and progress have the potential to significantly reshape humanity’s understanding of its place on this planet. By regularly sharing our findings with the public—through partners like the National Geographic Society—CETI will generate a deeper wonder for Earth’s matrix of life on earth, and provide a uniquely strong boost to the new phase of broader environmental movement.

Founded and led by scientists, CETI has brought together leading cryptographers, roboticists, linguists, AI experts, technologists and marine biologists to:

● Develop the most delicate robotics technologies, including partnership with National Geographic Society’s Exploration Technology Lab to listen to whales and put their sounds into context.

● Deploy a “Core Whale Listening System,” a novel hydrophone array to study a population of whales in a 20×20 kilometer field site.

● Build on substantial data on the whales’ sounds, social lives, and behavior already obtained by the Dominica Sperm Whale Project.

● Create a bespoke, big data pipeline to examine the recorded data and decode it using advanced machine learning, natural language processing and data science.

● Launch a public interface, data visualization, communications platform and leadership initiative in collaboration with key partners to engage and foster the global community.

WHY SPERM WHALES?

Sperm whales have the largest brains of any species and share traits strikingly similar to humans. They have higher-level functions such as conscious thought and future planning, as well as speech and feelings of compassion, love, suffering and intuition. They live in matriarchal and multicultural societies and have dialects and strong multigenerational family bonds. Modern whales have been great stewards of the ocean environment for more than 30 million years, having been here for five times longer than the earliest hominids. Our understanding of these animals is just beginning.


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WHY NOW?

In the late 1960s, scientists, including principal CETI advisor Dr. Roger Payne, discovered that whales sing to one another. His recordings, Songs of the Humpback Whale, sparked the “Save the Whales” movement, one of the most successful conservation initiatives in history. The campaign eventually led to the Marine Mammal Protection Act that marked the end of large-scale whaling and saved several whale populations from extinction.

All this by just hearing the sounds of whales. Imagine what would happen if we could understand them and communicate back. For the first time in history, advances in engineering, artificial intelligence and linguistics have made it possible to understand the communication of whales and other animals more substantially. Our species is at a critical juncture, one where we can work together with the help of compassionate technologies to build a brighter, more connective and equitable future. CETI also hopes to provide a blueprint for future ambitious, collaborative initiatives that can help us on this journey.

Figure 1: An interdisciplinary approach to sperm whale communication that integrates  biology, robotics, machine learning, and linguistics expertise, and comprise the following key  steps. Record: collect large-scale longitudinal multi-modal dataset of whale communication  and behavioral data from a variety of sensors. Process: reconcile and process the multi sensor data. Decode: using machine learning techniques, create a model of whale  communication, characterize its structure, and link it to behavior. Encode & Playback: conduct interactive playback experiments and refine the whale language model. Illustration  © 2021 Alex Boersma.
Figure 2: Sperm whale bioacoustic system. A: Sperm whale head contains the  spermaceti organ (c), a cavity filled with almost 2,000 litres of wax-like liquid, and the junk  compartment (f), comprising a series of wafer-like bodies believed to act as acoustic lenses.  The spermaceti organ and junk act as two connected tubes, forming a bent, conical horn of  about 10m in length and 0.8m aperture in large mature males. The sound emitted by the  phonic lips (i) in the front of the head is focused by traveling through the bent horn,  producing a flat wavefront at the exit surface. B: Typical temporal structure of sperm whale  echolocation and coda clicks. Echolocation signals are produced with consistent inter-click  intervals (of approximately 0.4 sec) while coda clicks are arranged in stereotypical  sequences called ‘codas’ lasting less than 2 sec. Codas are characterized by the different  number of constituent clicks and the intervals between them (called inter-click intervals or  ICIs). Codas are typically produced in multiparty exchanges that can last from about 10  seconds to over half an hour. Each click, in turn, presents itself as a sequence of equally spaced pulses, with inter-pulse interval (IPI) of an order of 3-4 msec in an adult female,  which is the result of the sound reflecting within the spermaceti organ. Illustration © 2021  Alex Boersma.
Figure 3: Comparative size of datasets used for training NLP models (represented by  the circle area). GPT-3 is only partially visible, while the dataset of the Dominica Sperm  Whale Project is a tiny dot on this plot (located at the center of the dashed circle). Shown in  
red is the estimated size of a new dataset planned to be collected in Dominica by Project  CETI, an interdisciplinary initiative for cetacean communication interpretation. The estimate  is based on the assumption of nearly continuous monitoring of 50-400 whales. The estimate  assumes 75-80% of their vocalizations constituting echolocation clicks, and 20-25% being  coda clicks. A typical Caribbean whale coda has 5 clicks and lasts 4 sec (including a silence  between two subsequent codas), yielding a rate of 1.25 clicks/sec. Overall, we estimate it  would be possible to collect between 400M and 4B clicks per year as a longitudinal and  continuous recording of bioacoustic signals as well as detailed behavior and environmental  data.
Figure 4: Schematic of whale bioacoustic data collection with multiple data sources by  several classes of assets. These include tethered buoy arrays (b), which track the whales in  a large area in real-time by continuously transmitting their data to shore (g), floaters (e), and  robotic fishes (d)Tags (c) attached to whales can possibly provide the most detailed  bioacoustic and behavioral data. Aerial drones (a) can be used to assist tag deployment  (a1), recovery (a2) and provide visual observation of the whales (a3). The collected  multimodal data (1) has to be processed to reconstruct a social network of sperm whales.  The raw acoustic data (2) has to be analyzed by ML algorithms to detect (3) and classify (4)  clicks. Source separation and identification (5) algorithms would allow reconstructing  multiparty conversations by attributing different clicks to the whales producing them.  Illustration © 2021 Alex Boersma.

Dive Deeper:

Meet The Project CETI Team

Cornell University: Cetacean Translation Initiative: a roadmap to deciphering the communication of sperm whales by the current scientific members of Project CETI collaboration. April 2021

Harvard School of Engineering: Talking with whales

Project aims to translate sperm whale calls April 2021

National Geographic: Groundbreaking effort launched to decode whale language. With artificial intelligence and painstaking study of sperm whales, scientists hope to understand what these aliens of the deep are talking about. April 2021

National Geographic: David Gruber: Researching with respect and a gentler touch—National Geographic Explorer David Gruber and his team are taking a delicate approach to understanding sperm whales. March 2021

TED Audacious: What if we could communicate with another species? SEP 2020

Simons Institute: Sperm Whale Communication: What we know so far/ Understanding Whale Communication: First steps AUG 2020 with David Gruber

Community

Anniversary Event of the Healthy Seas Foundation Celebrates a Decade of Marine Protection and Industry-Wide Partnerships

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Healthy Seas

September 20, 2023

Croatia and Slovenia — The Healthy Seas Foundation, a pioneering organization dedicated to marine conservation and education, commemorated its 10-year anniversary with a remarkable three-day event held from September 4th to 6th, 2023. The event brought together a diverse array of partners, collaborators, journalists, and environmental enthusiasts who have collectively contributed to the foundation’s journey towards cleaner seas.

A Decade of Transformation

The anniversary event was a testament to the remarkable achievements of the Healthy Seas Foundation over the past decade. Participants gathered from across the globe to reflect on the foundation’s impactful initiatives, discuss future strategies, and reinforce current partnerships. The event underscored the deep interlinkage between marine conservation and diverse industries, illustrating the power of collaboration in fostering positive change.

Empowering Presentations and Collaborative Networking

Day 1 featured insightful presentations that delved into the history and future aspirations of the Healthy Seas Foundation. Attendees engaged in discussions that underscored the importance of sustainable practices promoting circularity across various industries. The day concluded with a celebratory dinner, providing a platform for networking and idea exchange among partners and collaborators.

Nurturing Tomorrow’s Advocates

Day 2 saw the foundation’s commitment to education and community engagement in action. Collaborating with local school children, the event fostered environmental awareness through interactive activities. An inspiring photo exhibition and a captivating virtual reality experience transported participants into the heart of marine ecosystems, emphasizing the significance of cleaning and safeguarding these vital ecosystems for future generations.

The day also featured a presentation and joint artwork session with Bracenet, a valued partner of the Healthy Seas Foundation. Bracenet showcased the diverse applications of the nets recovered by Healthy Seas, highlighting their transformation from abandoned ghost nets to purposeful creations.

The afternoon of Day 2 witnessed a ghost net retrieval mission led by Ghost Divers from around the world. These volunteer divers demonstrated their dedication to ocean cleanup by removing abandoned fishing nets, a significant threat to marine life, from the seas.

Embracing Circularity: Aquafil’s Sustainable Innovation

Day 3 showcased the Healthy Seas Foundation’s vital partnership with Aquafil. Participants witnessed the collaborative efforts to give discarded nets and nylon waste new life, an embodiment of environmental stewardship and innovation. Through this partnership, some of the fishing nets recovered by Healthy Seas are mixed together with other nylon waste and transformed into ECONYL® regenerated nylon, advancing circular economy across industries.

Celebrating a Decade of Growth

Over the last 10 years, the Healthy Seas Foundation has experienced substantial growth, expanding from 3 partners in 2013 to a network of 150 partners today. The initiative has progressed from 20 activities to an impressive 228, with volunteers increasing from 15 to a formidable force of 350. What initially began in 3 countries has now extended its impactful operations to 20 countries.

Looking Ahead

As the Healthy Seas Foundation envisions the future, the anniversary event serves as a reminder of the remarkable progress of the past decade and the potential for even greater impact in the years to come.

For media inquiries, interviews, or additional information, please contact:

Samara Croci, Communications Manager, Healthy Seas Foundation
samara.croci@healthyseas.org +39 3314436962

About Healthy Seas Foundation:

Healthy Seas is an international non-profit organisation whose mission is to remove waste from the seas, in particular fishing nets, for the purpose of creating healthier seas and recycling marine litter into textile products. The recovered fishing nets will be transformed and regenerated by Aquafil, together with other nylon waste, into ECONYL® yarn, a high-quality raw material used to create new products, such as socks, swimwear, sportswear, or carpets. Since its founding in 2013, Healthy Seas has collected over 905 tons of fishing nets and other marine litter with the help of volunteer divers and fishers.

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